Railway Accounts Department Examinations

1. "Words cannot express the gratitude we feel towards the immense knowledge you imparted to us and thus helping us to mould ourselves into better Managerial decision makers. Heartfelt thanks to one of the selfless teachers who has only one mission that is to see that all his Railway colleagues excel in the field of Accounts and Finance Management. Sir you are our beacon of hope in the ocean of Railway Accounts literature. Thank you once again for your sincere efforts in providing such valuable information and guidance." - Ms Vijaya Durai,SSO(A)/Hubli

2. "Thank you for your hard work in supporting us for our development. Your patience and commitment to supporting has mean a lot to us. With your guidance, we have developed into a confident and capable candidate for LDCE. Thank you for being such an important part in our development. Your expertise in teaching has put our minds at ease. We are so grateful to have you as our teacher." - Shri Pratap Kumar, SSO(A) / Palghat

3. "Thank you Sir so much for all the hard work and efforts you have taken on our behalf...You have covered most of the topic and the PPTs on each topic are very much concise and precise. Thanks to your superb guidance. I have cleared 30 % LDCE written exam and Viva Voce. Attending all the lectures & Study material provided by you are helped me in clearing the LDCE. ---Ms Neelam Singh, SSO(A) / Mumbai & empanelled AFA

4. "Thanks a lot for the excellent sessions on Management Accounting.... And for taking much efforts to present complex portions of the subject in the most simple manner... My heartfelt congratulations for the great efforts taken by you for presenting these sessions" -Shri Sreevalsan, Sr.TI(A) / Palakkad

5. "Thank you very much sir, before this MA course I was fully unknown from MA, think how can prepare Management topic, but this MA course not only provide important topic in easy language but also provide a guidelines to prepare MA topic in future." --Shri Shyam Singh, SSO(A) / Malda

6. "Very fabulous experience with the zoom MA classes .there is hardly any place where we can have such updated , inspiring , committed classes by so much of exhaustive details . There must be MCQs for MA topics too. Thanks everyone in CTara for such encouraging experience. Hope there shall be more brainstorming sessions " --Ms Mamata Singh, SSO(A) / Varanasi

Nageswara Rao WhatsApp : 9492432160

Thursday, August 17, 2023

Minimum Wages Act 1948 - Labour Laws

Minimum Wages Act 1948

Objects:

To secure minimum rates of wages in employment where wages are low.
To prevent exploitation of unorganized labor.
To ensure prompt payment of wages and overtime allowances.
To stipulate working hours.

Applications

Applicable to the workers who are not governed by the Payment of Wages Act and Factories Act.
Applicable in areas like Road Construction, Building Operations, Stone breaking, Stone crushing, etc.
A Construction or Building operation covers new constructions, repairs, and maintenance of existing roads, buildings, bridges, tunnels, culverts, etc.
Indian Railways - Construction of Permanent Way.

Wages Fixation

For workers employed in Scheduled employment listed in the Act - Wages fixed by the Central Government (Ministry of Labour)
Revised once in 5 years by the wage revision committee appointed by the appropriate Govt.
The wage revision committee

Members representing employers and workers in equal numbers.

Independent Members appointed by the appropriate Government - They should not be more than 1/3rd of Total Members.

Indian Railways - Local rate is fixed and revised every year. This can be enhanced by 20% to 33% in emergencies by DRM/GM with the concurrence of Finance. In the event of more than one local rate being available, the highest rate is paid.

Responsibility of Payment

The employer is responsible for prompt payment of wages to all workers including contract labour employed under him.

Wage Period and Method of Payment

Wage period not exceeding one month.
Less than 1000 workers - Wages should be paid on a working day within 7 days after the Wage period.
More than 1000 workers - Wages should be paid on a working day within 10 days after the Wage period.
Discharge from Service: Wages should be paid before the close of the second working day after the discharge.
Retrenchment: Retrenchment compensation should be paid to the retrenched worker on the day of retrenchment.
Pay Slip: Should be given at least one day before the payment.
Payment of wages in kind is prohibited.
Only authorized deductions are allowed from Wages.

Hours of Work

Day - Not more than 9 hours
Week - Not more than 48 hours.

Hours of Work (Spread over)

Day - Not more than 12 hours
Week - Not more than 48 hours.

Over Time Allowance

Calculated at twice the rate of Ordinary wages for extra hours worked exceeding 9 hours in a day or 48 hours in a week.

Weekly Rest

One day's rest with wages should be given to the worker every week.
CR - Compassionate Rest and OTA - Over Time Allowance are admissible for working on rest days.

Notice Board - Displayed

The rate of minimum wage is fixed.
Abstract of the Act.
Name and address of the Inspector in English, Hindi, and regional language.

Claims

Within 6 months.

Penalty

Breach of provision and working hours – 6 months imprisonment or a fine of Rs. 500/-
Failure to maintain registers – a fine of Rs. 500/-

Key Points for MCQ

Minimum Wages Act - year 1948
Applicable to the workers who are not governed by the Payment of Wages Act and the Factories Act.
Applicable to the unorganized sector.
Workers employed in the Scheduled employment list in the Act - Minimum Wages fixed by the Central Government (Ministry of Labour)
Minimum wages - Revised once in 5 years.
Wage Revision Committee - Members representing Employer and Employee - in equal numbers. Independent members - not more than 1/3rd of Total Members
Indian Railways - Local rate fixed and revised every year. This can be enhanced by DRM/GM at the rate of 20% to 33% with the Finance concurrence.
Wage period - Not exceeding one month.
Less than 1000 workers - wages paid within 7 days from the wage period.
More than 1000 workers - wages paid within 10 days from the wage period.
Daily - not more than 9 hours (if spread over - not more than 12 hours)
Monthly - Not more than 48 hours
OTA -Over Time Allowance - Twice the wages
Rest - One day rest with wages - per every week.
Discharge from Service - Wages - within two days.
Retrenchment Compensation - On the same day
Pay Slip - One day before wages paid.
Failure to maintain Registers - Fine Rs. 500
Breach of provision & working hours - Fine Rs.500 or 6 months imprisonment or both.
Claims - Within 6 months.

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Monday, August 14, 2023

CCEA - Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs

CCEA is one of the Cabinet Committees

Composition of CCEA in 2021 year

Prime Minister	Shri Narendra Modi
Minister of Defence	Shri Raj Nath Singh
Minister of Home Affairs	Shri Amit Shah
Minister of Road Transport and Highways	Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari
Minister of Finance;	Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman
Minister of Agriculture	Shri Narendra Singh Tomar
Minister of External Affairs	Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
Minister of Commerce and Industry	Shri Piyush Goyal
Minister of Education	Shri Dharmendra Pradhan

Cabinet Committees are

Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.
Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs.
Cabinet Committee on Investment and Growth.
Cabinet Committee on Security.
Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs.
Cabinet Committee on Employment & Skill Development.
Cabinet Committee on Accommodation.

All committees except Cabinet Committee on Accommodation and Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs are headed by Prime Minister.

The object of the Cabinet committees are

To lessen the enormous workload of the Cabinet.
Facilitate an in-depth examination of policy issues
Principle of the division of labour and effective delegation
Frame proposals for the Cabinet’s consideration
Also, take decisions, but of course, Cabinet can review such decisions.

COM - Council of Ministers is a Constitutional body by Articles 74 & 75 of Constitution of India, whereas the Cabinet Committee is an extra-constitutional body (not mentioned in the Constitution of India) in emergence.

Although Cabinet committees are not constitutional bodies, their work cannot be under estimated as they provide crucial guidance to the Cabinet.

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Office Order 01 of 2017 Approval of Railway Projects

Approval of Railway Projects - Office Order No 01 of 2017

Click here for OO 01 of 2017 (Authority: Ministry of Finance modified OM No. 24(35)PF-II/2012 dated 05.08.2016

Procedure for Appraisal and approval of New Public funded Projects in IR

Delegation of Powers

Cost of the Project	IPA - In Principal Approval	Appraised by	Approved by
Up to Rs.100 Crores	Member Finance	Member Finance	Chairman & CEO, Railway Board
Rs. 100 Crores to Rs.500 Crores	Member Finance	Railway Board	Minister of Railways (after being examined and recommended by the RB)
Rs. 500 Crores to Rs.1000 Crores	Member Finance	NITI Aayog, Expanded Board for Railways chaired by CRB & CEO	Minister of Railways
Rs. 1000 Crores & above	Member Finance	NITI Aayog, EBR - Expanded Board for Railways chaired by CRB & CEO	CCEA - Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs

Projects costing Rs. 50 Crores and above - Preparation of DPR - Detailed Project Report is mandatory before they are processed for sanction of the competent authority.

In Simple, All projects irrespective of cost - IPA - In Principal Approval by Member Finance

Rs. 100 Crores to Rs. 1000 Crores - Approval by Minister of Railways. Less than Rs.100 Crores - CRB & CEO and More than 1000 Crores - CCEA