Railway Accounts Department Examinations

Showing posts with label Introduction. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Introduction. Show all posts

Thursday, September 28, 2023

Statistics in Railways - An Introduction

  

Statistics in Railways - An Introduction 


Sources:  


  1. Manual of Statistical Instruction Volume 1

  2. Statistics Manual 1 - Introduction 


Origin of the word Statistics:  German “Statistik” means Description of a State or a Country


Definition: The discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of Data. 


Characteristics:  

  1. Numerically expressed 

  2. Aggregate of facts 

  3. Systematically collecting the Data 

  4. Should be comparable to each other. 

  5. Data are collected for a planned purpose. 

  

Statistics in Indian Railways: 


  • Statistics Organization Incharge - Director Statistics & Economics, who works under the control of Member Finance in Railway Board.  

  • Statistical Officer is incharge at Zonal Railways, who works under the control of PFA  



History of Indian Railways: 

  • Official Use - Printed triennially (every 3 years). 

  • Sale to the Public - Published Sexennially (every 6 years)

  • From 1969 onwards - Published decennially (every 10 years) 


Factors - Railway Statistics: The Railway Statistics are based on the followin factors: 

  1. Quantity - Expressed in number of tonnes and passengers transported and earnings derived. 

  2. Distance - Expressed in Kilometres 

  3. Duration - In Hours and Days 

  4. Service - In Trains, Vehicles, Wagons & Engines 


  • The above Primary Units are linked together to express in Composite items called Fundamental Units.  That is Fundamental Unit = Linking of Primary Units. Examples are: 

  1. Tonne Kilometres ( Fundamental Unit) - Tonnes & Kilometres ( Primary Units) 

  2. Passenger Kilometres (Fundamental Unit)  - Passengers & Kilometres (Primary Units  


  • Derivating Units: Relationship that exists between two sets of Primary Units or Fundamental Units are called as Derivative Units. Examples are: 

Derivative Unit = Primary/Fundamental Unit + Primary/Fundamental Unit

Derivative Units

Primary / Fundamental Units

Primary/Fundamental Units

Earnings Per Passenger 

Passenger Earnings (Primary)

Passengers carried (Primary) 

Earnings per Passenger per Kilometre 

Passenger Kilometres (Fundamental)

Passenger Earnings (Primary) 

Average distance travelled by Passenger or Lead

PKM-Passenger KiloMetres (Fundamental) 

Number of Passengers (Primary) 


Average load in Wagons per Train

Wagon KiloMetres (Fundamental) 

Goods Train Kilometres (Fundamental) 





Principal Heads - Statistics in Indian Railways are grouped as under: 


SN

Principal Heads / Groups

Consists of : 

1

Economic & Financial Statistics

Tri-monthly approximate figures of earnings (every 10 days), Traffic handled in the shape of passengers booked, monthly statistics of tonnage lifted and wagons loaded and of revenue and expenditure

2

Transportation Statistics

No of trains run, Train KMs, Shunting KMs, Wagon/Vehicle KMs, Engine KMs etc

3

Commercial Statistics

No of Passengeers /Tonnes carried, PKM, NTKM, Average Lead, Average fare/Rate, Claims etc

4

Rolling Stock & Workshop Repair Statistics

Repair & Maintenance of Rolling Stock, Engine failures, Hot Boxes, Outturn etc 

5

Administrative Statistics

No of Staff, Sick days, Accidents, Pay Scales and Physical Statistics like Route KMs, No of Railway Stations, Gradients, curvature of the P.Way. 


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